Machine for manufacturing sugar loaves molded by compression



SHEET I.

.Patented May 31 4 SHEETS- A. BOIVIN 4 MAcmNE FOR MANUFACTURINQSUGAR LoAvEs MOLDED av'coMPREssxoN. v APPLICATION FILED NOV. l'. I9I9.

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Iv I /f MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR LOAVES MOLDED BY GOMPRESSION.

l APPLICA-Tm FILED Nov. 17, |919.

1,379,847, Patented May 31, 19211.

f 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2. W-

A. BOIVIN.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR LOAVES MOLDED BY COMPRESSION APPLICATION FILED Nov. u, |919.

1,379,847. .Patented May 31,1921.

4 SHEETS-s115513.

A. BOIVIN.

MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR LOAVES MOLDED BY COMPRESSION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- I7, |919. 1,379,847 I ,Patented May 31,1921.'

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

fig. 3

TES i ANDR BOIVIN, 0F PARIS, FRANCE. y

MACHINEFOR MANUFACTURING SUGAR LOAVES MOLDED BY COMPRESSION.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented May 31, 1921;

Application filed November 17, 1919. Serial No. 338,754.

To all whom t may concern: Be it known that I, ANDR BorVIN, a citizen of the French Republic, residingat 145 Rue de-Flandre, Paris, France, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinesl for Manufacturing Sugar Loaves Molded by Compression, of

which the following is a specification.

In the manufacture of ingots or blocks of sugar by compression great difliculties are met with when it is desired 'to obtain a block the height of which, in the direction of the compression, attains a certain importance with relation to the transverse dimensions (horizontal section).

Vhen the compressionV is exerted upon thev lateral walls of the mold considerable fric tion prevents thecompression from transmitting itself through the sugar in the direction of the compression.

It happens in this case that the block of sugar is compressed to a considerable extent and very dense' in the vicinity of the compressing piston but very little compressed or not at all in the middle.

In order to manufacture a sugar loaf by Y compression it is necessary to elude this diiiiculty. Y

Attemptshave been made to meet this objection by constructing a truncated cylindrical mold in the cylindrical ends :of which Notwithstanding the improvement effected due to this procedure, the'center of the loaf was still insufficiently' compressed.

The machine which forms the subject matter of the present invention comprises a third compressing device, acting lat the center and constituted by a truncated cylindricaly socketl or hollow` piston'v by means of which it becomes possible to compress almost equally `all parts of the sugar loaf.

The accompanying drawing represents by way Iof example a system of pistons constituting the essential feature of the invenf tion and a machine 'arranged to set such a system of pistons in action. f

Figure 1 is an axial section of the mold and ofthe system of pistons, theser latter being shown in elevation. f

Y the piston l slides.

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the machine.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

l F 4 is an underneath plan view.`

Fig; 5 is a partial vertical section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4 on a larger scale. Y I

Fig. 6 is a plan corresponding to F ig. 5.'

Fig. 7 is a vertical section of amodification of the mold with hollow piston.

Fig. 8 is a vertical section on the line 8-8 ofFig. 2. I'

Fig. 9 is arvertical section of the lfeeding hopper on a larger scale.

Fig. l() is a plan view of the same hopper, with the clos-ing flaps separated.

the'line 1l-ll of Fig. 8 showingthe device for expelling the molded pieces.,A Y In F'g. l, 2 denotes the lhollow pisto which is cylindrical externally and of trun cated cylindrical form internally.

p It slides inthe mold 3 which is cylindrical at the top and truncated in thev cylindrical again at the lower part inxwhich f tions The large lower or bottom-piston l being J at the bottom of the lower opening of the mold 3 vand the hollow piston 2 at the top of its stroke the moldV 3 isrflled withsugar in grains and. moistened to the desired point through the opening 22.`

The small upper piston 4 then descends and enters a short distance into the cylini drical hollow Vpart of the hollow piston, slightly compressing `the sugar, then this small piston continues its stroke carrying with it Vthe hollowpistoir 2. By reason of the truncated form of thislatter, the sugar which it contains becomes compressedv laterally, and acts afterward itself. as a rigid and r solid piston against the sugar which is situated lower downin the fixed truncated part Y ofthemold3. iw i During this time, the large lower piston l rises compressing the sugar from the bottom upward. f

When the truncated surfaces of thefhollow piston and of the mold are in line with and The Vfollowing is the order ofthe operamiddle then'.

form an extension of each other, the hollow piston is stopped in its stroke.

The small solid piston continues to descend and effects the compression of the upper part of the sugar loaf. f

When this compression is completed the small and large pistons stop.

If the ratios of the volumes after compression culated, the sugar loaf ought to be solid from top to bottom and only present acceptable differences of density.

Removal from the mold is effected as follows The small piston 4 and the hollow piston 2 descend simultaneously while the large piston 1 descends likewise with an identical speed.

It follows that the compressed sugar loaf before and detaches itself from the truncated fixed part of. the 'mold rlhese movements continue until the base of the sugar loaf has reached the cylindrical lower part of the mold 3. At this moment the hollow Vpiston 2 stops. The small piston 4 continues to descend, and

- also the large piston 1 until the small piston has slightly moved beyond the hollow cylindrical part of the hollow piston.

At this moment the sugar loaf is detached from the side walls of the mold.

The small piston stops and rises again, and the large piston which carries the sugar loaf continues to descend until the top of the sugar loaf is disengaged from the interior of the mold.

vAt this moment the sugar loaf is thrust horizontally on to a table the surfaceof which is iiush with the base of the large piston. l

The machine represented in Figs. 2 to 4 is constructed to realize mechanically the above operations. It is constituted in the following manner.

A circular vplate 5 movable about a vertical pivot 6 carries four molds like the one above described. It is driven around by a ratchet 7, lever 8, slide 9 and crank 10 system constructed so asV to stop after each lquarter of a revolution.

During each stoppage the following operations take place simultaneously 1. At the filling station A a double gate 11 (Figs. 9 and 10) opens and allows the sugar contained in a hopper 39 to fall into the mold,- thetwo {iapsr are madeto co-act by means of toothed sectors 11a, and one of these is actuated by a cam 60 through the medium of a lever 61, a link 62 and an arm 63. "Within the hopper are disposed the rotary stirring members 64 serving torfacilitate the descent of thesugar when the flaps are open. The stirring members are made to co-act by the pinions 64a and one of these is actuated by a driving pulley 65 by means have been properly cal-l of belt 66 passing around a second pulley 67 secured to the shaft 68 of the said stirring member.

The lower part of the mold would be open (as the compressing pistons do not follow the circular plate in its rotation) if there were not at this filling station a special piston 12 which enters into the lower opening of the mold.

The hollow piston 12 is slidable along a fixed rod 69 and is pivoted to the end of a lever 70 the opposite end whereof is given a rapid reciprocating motion by means of an eccentric 43 and an eccentric rod 51. At an intermediate point, the lever 70 is pivoted to another eccentric rod 40 which engages an eccentric 71 movable about a stationary shaft 72. At each revolution of the shaft 7 3 of the main cams, the eccentric 71 is given a swinging motion through the me dium of a cam 74, a lever 42, and a link 41 and a lever 7 5 secured to the eccentric. During the period' of rotation of the disk 5, the eccentric 71 is lowered in such a manner that the vertical movement of the piston 12 produced by the eccentric 43 occurs entirely below the said disk. Inversely, when the disk reaches one of its stopping positions, the eccentric 71 raises the lever 70 whereby the piston 12y is raised within the mold which has been brought above the latter and effects a reciprocating motion in the interior of the mold. rl`his movement produces two results. rlhe first is that of compressing the sugar which falls into the mold, the second that of forming at the end a veritable plug of sugar compressed into the lower part of the mold, `which plug keeps in all the sugar contained above it in the mold.

The piston 12 is lowered below the disk 5 and the double gate 11 closes again before the commencement of the quarter revolution of this plate.

2. At the waiting station B which succeeds the filling station A no operation takes place.

3. At the station C are situated the compressing pistons 1, 2, 4 and it is here that the operations of compression and removal from the molds take pla-ce.

4. At the station D the cleaning out of the mold is effected.

The small compressing piston 4 is rigidly attached to a crossV bar 13 sliding in two guides 14' and `connected to two connecting rods 15 which are operated by two levers 16 and two symmetrical cams 17. Y

The lower compressing piston 1 is rigidly attached to a slide 18 connected to the connecting rod 19, the, lever 2O and the central cam 21.

For the operation of the hollow piston 2 this latter carries two'stirrup lugs 22 which ward, two thrust bars 24 rigidly connected momentarily to the cross bar, bear on the' two stirruplugs of the hollow piston.

To this end the thrust bars 24 arev adapted to slide freely in seats'made in the cross bar. Their stroke in-a downward direction is limited by two stops 25.` At the upper part of the cross bar is an oscillating circular bolt 26 operatedv by the system :of levers 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and the cam v33 and capable of occupying three posit-ions. In the 'position in which it is inoperative pletely into their recesses.v This position corresponds Ato the second phase of removal from the mold.

In the completely locked position the boltf rigidly secures the thrust bars tothe cross bar. This position corresponds-to the irst phase ofthe compression when the. hollow.'`

piston has to eration. r

The third position is the one which peri mits the'thrust bars to slide 'to a certain eX- produce its compressing optent upward in the cross bar. .This sliding movement Vis produced Ain the .secondA phase of the compression when itzis the small ysolid piston which eects its compressing opera-'-4 tion, the hollow piston remaining stationary.

Itis likewise the position' ofthe bolt which corresponds to the rst phase of re'- m'oval from 'the mold which immediately' succeeds the second phase of.compression,

and during'which the solid piston and the hollow piston act simultaneously to remove the sugar loaf from the mold. i 'i In order to fulfil the functions above.'` described the bolt 26 has for the two stages igured'in the. drawing recesses or hollows 34.- The cam whichworks -itbri'ngs above the thrust bars the desired stage at the-opportune moment. f f l. v v

The crank 28 which works the connecting rod of the bolt slides along the intermediate shaft 29 and is carried along in a long groove by a cotter pin so that the bolt is operated whatever be the position occupied by the cross'bar.'

lVhen the two phases of the compression are completed the operation of removal from the mold commences. In order to carry out this operation the lower compressing piston has to rigorously make the same stroke as the upper compressing piston. c

In order to carryout thisfunction the lower piston ceases to lbe operated by the cam 21 and its lever 20 and receives its movement from the cross bar 13.

' To this end the two connecting rods 15 which operate this cross bar carry two driv- 1 wheel 81, fa shaft '82 'and the ing nuts 35 which, at the desiredmoment,

. ton,gconne'cting rod and large lever with the roller, Vby means of two counterweighted cables 37 with return1r0llers38 (which are it-:is lnecessary to utilize sincev the system is 1drive-the arms 36 rigidly` attached tothel slide418 carrying the lower compressingpis- Vbalancedl by the counterweights-76) which v released bythe cam and must `not drop under the action of its own weight. The cessa` 1 tion ofthe driving action of the cam is obl taned by Providing play on the faces of fhig'f vcam so that the rollers nol Alonger bear this bolt allows'the thrust bars to rise comthereon.

After the sugar loaf has'bee'n removed* from the mold the cross bar resumes fands,z

maintains its raised positionv and in consesition which is thatof filling.

in itsra'i'sed po- The rotation 'of the plate brings the mold, I

1 which was. at the-station corresponding toy the operations of compression and removal?- from the mold, into the cleaning position: Itxis inreallty useful to free'the interior of the mold from the sugar adhering thereto f and toVV slightly moisten the surfaces. Y This result is obtained by means of a brush 77-of a suitable form, circular, on a vertical spindle 78 and having ay rotary movement imparted to itabout this spindle." This mo- Y tion is obtained by a sprocketV wheel 5179 through the medium of a chain`80, another 84, this latter being whereby the latter may rise and fall.y "During the rotation of the plate this brush is kept drawn down'below the plate and is surrounded by `a jacket ofshe'et iron (not i pleted the brush (always rotating) is raised.

shown) vin the interior'of which an atmosphere supersaturated with moisture is mainf by a -lever 85 and cam 86 and enters into the V interior of the sugar loaf mold, cleans it l out, moistens it and resumes itjsfposition'before a fresh rotation of the'plate `takes place.

The-flat compressing surfaces of the 'compressingpistonsl and 4 likewise require to bebrushed. Tothis end the lower piston 1,' 1s brushed at the time of the mechanical movement which eXpels the sugar loaf from this piston after removal v from the fmold.

They device which eXpels the sugar loaf isan ejector 44 the mechanism of which is repre-" sented in Figs( 8 andfll.,k This vejector-44 is held by a slide 87 which slides in a horizontal guide 88 and is worked by a connecting rod 89, lever 90 and cam 86a secured to the cam 86. This ejector acts on the lower part Y rods 54, rigidly connected to these lugs sliding in two adjustable brakes 55. The l of the sugar loaf, and has the form of a semitruncated cone so as to bear well against the sugar loaf.

It carries at the rear a brush 45 which, during the horizontal movement ofthe ejector, cleans the upper surface of the piston 1.

The ,cleaning of the piston 4 is effected by a special mechanism. A brush 46 is carried by-a. lever 47 which is operated by a system of levers 48, connecting rods 49 and cams 50. This system comes into action to brush the moment the cross bar 13 reaches its upper position before it redescends.

The quantity of sugar to be introduced into the mold can be regulated in the following manner Y The weight of the sugar introduced into the mold at the lling station can be varied by modifying the position of the compressing piston 12. It has been seen that on the stoppage of the plate, this piston, which has a slight continuous rising and falling movement imparted to it enters into the mold.l

friction of the brakes is so regulated as to balance the weight of the hollow piston 2.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In a machine forl manufacturing by compression sugar loaves or compressing any other material capable of being molded,

Vthe combination of a mold of cylindrical truncated cone shape, at least one hollow cylindrical truncated cone shaped compressing piston adapted to slide in the interior of the said mold and two solid compressing pistons adapted to slide respectively in this piston and in the mold.

2. In a machine for manufacturing by compression sugar loaves or compressing any other materialcapable of being molded, the combination of a horizontal revolving plate, several molds of cylindrical truncated shape Vat right angles to this plate, a like number of hollow compressing pistonsv sliding in these molds and a `double numberfof solid compressing' pistons sliding respec-v and ` tively in the said molds and the said vhollow pistons, means for fillingA the molds from the top at a point of the revolution of the said plate, means for movingthe compressing pistons at another point of the revolution and means for extracting from the mold the loaf of material. molded at a third point of the revolution of the plate.

3. In a machine for Vmanufacturing by compression sugar loaves or compressing other material capable of being molded, the combination of a horizontal'revolving plate, several molds of cylindrical truncated shape at right angles to this plate, a like number of hollow compressing pistons sliding in these molds and a double number of solid compressing pistons sliding respectively in the said molds and the said hollow pistons,

' means vfor vfilling the molds -at the top at a point of the revolution of the .said plate, a piston adapted to engage the lower part of one of the molds at this same point, and means for moving this latter piston during the lilling in order toretainl and ram into the mold the lower layers ofthe material introduced, this latter piston not rotating with the plate. y

4. In a machine for manufacturing by compression sugar loaves or compressing any other material capable of being molded, the combination of a cylindrical truncated mold, at least one hollow compressing piston of cylindrical truncated shape adapted to slide in the interior of the said mold and two solid compressing pistons adapted to Slide respectively Vin this hollow piston and in this mold, operating means for moving the different pistons mentioned, these means being adapted to produce, at the time of the molding, first the descent of the upper compressing piston and its entrance linto the hollow cylindrical part of the hollow piston and then the carrying along of the hollow piston by the upper piston, and afterward the'descent of the upper piston into the hollow piston which has become stationary, at the same time as the ascent of the lower piston and at the time of removal from the mold, the simultaneous descent of the upper piston of the hollow piston and of the lower piston, then the stoppage of the hollow piston, the two others continuing their movement, and finally the descent of the lower piston alone. Y

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' ANDRE BOIVIN. Witnesses:

CHAs. l?. PREssLY, MAURICE ROUX. 

